R v Dexter Kelvin Alonso Bodden - Sentence Judgment

¶ ```html <table> <tr> <td>IN THE GRAND COURT OF THE CAYMAN ISLANDS</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CRIMINAL SIDE</td> </tr> <tr> <td>INDICTMENT NO.：10/2018</td> </tr> <tr> <td>THE QUEEN</td> </tr> <tr> <td>-v-</td> </tr> <tr> <td>DEXTER KELVIN ALONSO BODDEN</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Appearances：</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Mr. Kenneth Ferguson for the Crown</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Mr. Nicholas Dixey of Nelson and Co. for the</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Defendant</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Before：</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Justice Marlene I. Carter (Actg.)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Sentencing Hearing：</td> </tr> <tr> <td>11th October 2019</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Sentence Delivered：</td> </tr> <tr> <td>25th October 2019</td> </tr> <tr> <td>HEADNOTE</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Criminal Law-Wounding-Exceptional Circumstances-Suspended Sentence</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SENTENCE JUDGMENT</td> </tr> <tr> <td>4 The Defenced on Indictment No. 10 of 2018 with one count of Wounding to Cause Grievous Bodily Harm. On the 11th June 2019, the Defendant entered a plea of Guilty to the lesser offence of Wounding contrary to Section 204 of the Penal Code. This plea was accepted by the Crown with the following as the basis of the plea：</td> </tr> </table> ```
```html <table> <tr> <td>1.</td> <td>The Defendant had previously been the victim of two burglaries at his</td> </tr> <tr> <td>residence at No.9 Avon Way， George Town in 2013 when the Defendant was</td> </tr> <tr> <td>away from the Islands. These had been reported to police but had not been</td> </tr> <tr> <td>resolved.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>6</td> </tr> <tr> <td>7</td> </tr> <tr> <td>8</td> </tr> <tr> <td>9</td> </tr> <tr> <td>10</td> </tr> <tr> <td>11</td> </tr> <tr> <td>12</td> </tr> <tr> <td>13</td> </tr> <tr> <td>14</td> </tr> <tr> <td>15</td> </tr> <tr> <td>16</td> </tr> <tr> <td>17</td> </tr> <tr> <td>18</td> </tr> <tr> <td>19</td> </tr> <tr> <td>20</td> </tr> <tr> <td>21</td> </tr> <tr> <td>22</td> </tr> <tr> <td>23</td> </tr> <tr> <td>24</td> </tr> <tr> <td>25</td> </tr> <tr> <td>26</td> </tr> <tr> <td>27</td> </tr> <tr> <td>28</td> </tr> <tr> <td>29</td> </tr> <tr> <td>30</td> </tr> <tr> <td>31</td> </tr> <tr> <td>32</td> </tr> <tr> <td>33</td> </tr> </table> <ol start="1"> <li> <p>The Defendant had previously been the victim of two burglaries at his</p> </li> <li> <p>On 10 December 2016 the Defendant was sleeping at his home. His vehicle</p> </li> <li> <p>The Defendant awoke at some time after 7 am. He went outside and</p> </li> <li> <p>The Defendant used a machete to strike the Complainant at least three times.</p> </li> <li> <p>Although the Defendant’s primary position is that he was lawfully acting in</p> </li> <li> <p>This was an entirely isolated incident, there was no previous animosity</p> </li> <li> <p>The Defendant co-operated entirely with the police and gave a full and frank</p> </li> <li> <p>Chandrase "Injuries inatice report</p> </li> <li> <p>Chandrase "Injuries inatice report</p> </li> <li> <p>Chandrase "Injuries inatice report</p> </li> <li> <p>Chandrase "Injuries inatice report</p> </li> <li> <p>Chandrase "Injuries inatice report</p> </li> <li> <p>Chandrase "Injuries inatice report</p> </li> <li> <p>Chandrase "Injuries inatice report</p> </li> <li> <p>Chandrase "Injuries inatice report</p> </li> <li> <p>Chandrase "Injuries inatice report</p> </li> <li> <p>Chandrase "Injuries inatice report</p> </li> <li> <p>Chandrase "Injuries inatice report</p> </li> <li> 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inatice report</p> </li> <li> <p>Chandrase "Injuries inatice report</p> </li> <li> <p>Chandrase "Injuries inatice report</p> </li> <li> <p>Chandrase "Injuries inatice report</p> </li> <li> <p>Chandrase "Injuries inatice report</p> </li> <li> <p>Chandrase "Injuries inatice report</p> </li> <li> <p>Chandrase "Injuries inatice report</p> </li> <li> <p>Chandrase "Injuries inatice report</p> </li> <li> <p>Chandrase "Injuries inatice report</p> </li> <li> <p>Chandrase "Injuries inatice report</p> </li> <li> <p>Chandrase "Injuries inatice report</p> </li> <li> <p>Chandrase "Injuries inatice report</p> </li> <li> <p>Chandrase "Injuries inatice report</p> </li> <li> <p>Chandrase "Injuries inatice report</p> </li> <li> <p>Chandrase "Injuries inatice report</p> </li> <li> <p>Chandrase "Injuries inatice report</p> </li> <li> <p>Chandrase "Injuries inatice report</p> </li> <li> <p>Chandrase "Injuries inatice report</p> </li> <li> <p>Chandrase "Injuries inatice report</p> </li> <li> <p>Chandrase "Injuries inatice report</p> </li> <li> <p>Chandrase "Injuries inatice report</p> </li> <li> <p>Chandrase "Injuries inatice report</p> </li> <li> <p>Chandrase "Injuries inatice report</p> </li> <li> <p>Chandrase "Injuries inatice report</p> </li> <li> <p>Chandrase "Injuries inatice report</p> </li> <li> <p>Chandrase "Injuries inatice report</p> </li> <li> <p>Chandrase "Injuries inatice report</p> </li> <li> <p>Chandrase "Injuries inatice report</p> </li> <li> <p>Chandrase "Injuries inatice report</p> </li> <li> <p>Chandrase "Injuries inatice report</p> </li> <li> <p>Chandrase "Injuries inatice report</p> </li> <li> <p>Chandrase "Injuries inatice report</p> </
```html <table> <tr> <td>Although the injuries were described by the treating physician as serious, they</td> </tr> <tr> <td>were not considered permanent.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>9. The Defendant has entered a guilty plea to the second count at the earliest</td> </tr> <tr> <td>opportunity when the Crown indicated it would accept such a plea on such a</td> </tr> <tr> <td>basis as herein set out to dispose to the indictment."</td> </tr> <tr> <td>2.</td> <td>The Complainant sustained the following injuries as a result of the incident:</td> </tr> <tr> <td>i. A 3 inch laceration to the left side of the forehead in the scalp.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ii. A 4 inch laceration on the ulnar aspect (inner aspect) of the left forearm, bone</td> </tr> <tr> <td>deep with no evidence of fracture.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>iii. A punctured wound on the right side of the chest in the middle of a linear</td> </tr> <tr> <td>contusion.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>iv. A 2 inch muscle deep laceration on the outer aspect of the left hip.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>v. A deep penetrating wound on the front of the right leg, slant 3-4 inches along</td> </tr> <tr> <td>the ankle and involving the bone, and</td> </tr> <tr> <td>vi. Fractures of the right tibia and fibula at the level and site of the wound at (v)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>above.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>vii. The victim underwent surgery to repair his damaged right leg.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Sentencing Guidelines</td> </tr> <tr> <td>3.</td> <td>The maximum sentence for this offence is 7 years imprisonment. On 11th June 2019, a Goodyear</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Directions hearing was held before Brooks J. (Actg.). The Learned Judge considered the agreed</td> </tr> <tr> <td>basis of plea outlined above and the UK Sentencing Guidelines and determined that the offence</td> </tr> <tr> <td>was a Category 2 offence of greater harm and lesser culpability. The Learned Judge found that (i)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>the custody threshold had been passed;(ii) the sentencing range was two to four years custody and</td> </tr> <tr> <td>(iii) the mance was on custody.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Green noted, at paragraph 14, that</td> </tr> <tr> <td>[2015] EWCA Crim 1482</td> </tr> <tr> <td>191025 R v Dexter Kelvin Alonso Bodden IND 10 of 2018-Sentence Judgment</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Page 3 of 10</td> </tr> </table> ```
```html <table> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>38/17</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>38/17</td> </tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>7</td> <td>8</td> <td>9</td> <td>10</td> </tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td>12</td> <td>13</td> <td>14</td> <td>15</td> <td>16</td> </tr> <tr> <td>17</td> <td>18</td> <td>19</td> <td>20</td> <td>21</td> <td>22</td> </tr> <tr> <td>23</td> <td>24</td> <td>25</td> <td>26</td> <td>27</td> <td>28</td> </tr> <tr> <td>29</td> <td>30</td> <td>31</td> <td>32</td> <td>33</td> <td>34</td> </tr> <tr> <td>35</td> </tr> </table> ``` ```latex \ldots it is axiomatic that all violence in the context of a Section 18 offence is serious, but that some violence is more serious than others. The purposes behind the words "which is serious in the context of the offence" in the guidelines is to distinguish between that level of violence which is inherent or par in a standard section 18 offence and that which will, by definition, go beyond what may be viewed as par for the course. In our view, given that there is such a marked disparity in the starting point between categories 1 and 2, the sorts of harm and violence which will justify placing a case within category 1 must be significantly above the level of harm which is normal for the purpose of section 18."

¶ [5] Section 18 is of course analogous to Section 204 of the Penal Code, (2103 Revision)

¶ [6] The injuries sustained by the Complainant, noted in the summary of the facts above, were significant and serious in the context of the offence. While the injuries may not be permanent or life threatening, they are severe and several and inflicted with the use of a weapon, here a machete and a mottle (club). I accept that the use of a weapon may be a factor that indicates greater Culpability. However, in the circumstances of this case the fact that the attack on the Complainant was not premeditated and that it is accepted to be a case of excessive self-defence appear to be the more significant factors of note.

¶ [7] This Court agrees with the maximum sentence indication of Brooks J. and I therefore accept that the maximum sentence is one of 2 1/2 years custody. \textbf{Aggravating Factors}

¶ [8] There is an aggravating factor in this case; i) Use of a weapon to commit the offence. 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Mitigating Factors

¶ [10] The mitigating factors are as follows: i) The offence was not premeditated. ii) The Defendant's Guilty plea. iii) Remorse shown by the Defendant which it is agreed should be accepted as genuine.

¶ [11] Apart from these, Counsel for the Defendant has asked this Court to consider Brooks J's assessment of the mitigating factors: "...First, of course there is a guilty plea, there would be a deduction; and I would say, however, that it is a small deduction based on the late stage in which his plea would have been tendered. A second would be the fact that the defendant is a productive member of society. Third, the fact that the offence took place at his home, where people should feel safe. The fourth is remorse, which was expressed at an early stage. Fifth, the lapse of time, bearing in mind that the prosecution took 15 months to decide to charge the defendant. And, sixthly, the medical report does not suggest that there are any permanent disabilities to the virtual complainant arising from the injury. Seventh, the defendant assisted the prosecution readily in finding the machete and what is called a mallet, which apparently is a club, which featured in the incident. And, finally, I would say the offer to pay compensation would also be a mitigating factor." ## The Social Inquiry Report ("SIR")

¶ [12] The SIR records the Defendant as having grown up in a loving, caring and comfortable home environment. He lost his father and brother at sea when he was fourteen years old and for some years after this tragic incident, the Defendant related to the Social Worker his emotional state deteriorated to the extent that he was unable to focus on his education and dropped out of school at the age of sixteen.

¶ [13] Although the Defendant found himself in conflict with the law during his late teens, any offences that were committed at that time are now spent and are not for the court's consideration. There are no relevant offences, offences of violence, recorded against the Defendant. Seemingly, after this
```markdown ## 14. The Defendant's attitude to the offence is noteworthy. The SIR notes: Mr. Bodden stated that he did not intentionally chop the victim; rather the wounds resulted due to the victim raising his hands in defence of the slaps. Mr. Bodden declared that he regrets his actions deeply, especially after finding out the victim was a son of someone known to him. He declared that although he was protecting his property, he knows that his actions were excessive and was not in keeping with his general character. He admitted that he was very angry at the time when he had flashbacks about past burglaries, but shared that this was no reason for his uncontrolled response. He added that he is in no way proud of what he has done and in retrospect if placed in a similar situation, he would behave differently; maybe by restraining the victim and then calling the police for assistance. He expressed remorse for the injuries caused to the victim and informed of his desire to compensate him for medical bills he has incurred out of pocket... ## 15. The Defendant was assessed by the Social Worker as being at medium risk of reoffending. ### The Victim Impact Report (“VIR”) ## 16. The Complainant has suffered physically and financially as a result of the Defendant’s actions. ## 17. The extent of the Complainant’s injuries have already been noted at paragraph 2 herein. Some of the physical effects are ongoing: Mr. Bodden stated that he did not intentionally chop the victim; rather the wounds resulted due to the victim raising his hands in defence of the slaps. Mr. Bodden declared that he regrets his actions deeply, especially after finding out the victim was a son of someone known to him. He declared that although he was protecting his property, he knows that his actions were excessive and was not in keeping with his general character. He admitted that he was very angry at the time when he had flashbacks about past burglaries, but shared that this was no reason for his uncontrolled response. He added that he is in no way proud of what he has done and in retrospect if placed in a similar situation, he would behave differently; maybe by restraining the victim and then calling the police for assistance. He expressed remorse for the injuries caused to the victim and informed of his desire to compensate him for medical bills he has incurred out of pocket... ```
```markdown by Mr. Rockett, "The doctor told me that the holes that were drilled in the bones to fit the pins will not close up anytime soon. At certain times I can feel the holes pulsating." He explained that it feels like when the heart beats. He also disclosed that he is still on medication which is to prevent the blood from clotting. Mr. Rockett shared that he was provided insurance coverage government through the Needs Assessment Unit. This assisted with covering some of the medical costs. "I had to do physiotherapy and I need to continue with it. I also need to do follow up visits regarding the progress of my leg. The doctor say me recently and spoke to me, informing me that I need to come in for an x ray to see what the current situation with the leg is." He is of the view that the coverage has now expired hence the reason he is unable to follow up with treatment. As shared by Mr. Rockett, the current biggest impact is "I can't walk properly. Previously I used to walk fast but now I can't move a fraction of how fast I used to. Now I have to be dragging the right leg. I can't run or jump. I feel like my life is 'done' at the age of 31, because I can't do things like I used to. The man (Mr. Bodden) has damaged me drastically; I am a young man with two children to support. People who know me from before laugh at me but I don't let that bother me." He also expressed that "The wounds from the injuries have healed leaving scars which I have to live with for the rest of my life." The Crown has submitted copies of the Complainant's outstanding medical bills arising from his hospitalization. These bills amount to CI$14,658.06 **Personal Mitigation** Counsel for the Defendant submitted character references on behalf the Defendant from various persons when the Defendant was. They all described the Defendant as being a dedicated individual and loyal and a valuable member of society, and overall, a good human being. ```
Guilty Plea The Defendant entered a guilty plea to the lesser count of Unlawful Wounding once the Goodyear Direction had been given by this Court. Counsel for the Defendant submits that the Court should accord the Defendant the full 1/3 discount for his guilty plea. Counsel drew to the Court’s attention that the Defendant’s previous attorney was taken ill soon after he was indicted for this offence and therefore, in the context of the time that the plea was offered once his present attorney became involved, it was open to the Court to find that the Defendant pleaded at a very early stage in all the circumstances. Crown Counsel did not object to the Defendant being granted the full discount for his guilty plea. I note that the agreed basis of plea sets out: "The Defendant has entered a guilty plea to the second count at the earliest opportunity when the Crown indicated it would accept such a plea on such a basis as herein set out to dispose to the indictment." ## Compensation Counsel for the Defendant has indicated to this court that the Defendant is willing to make compensation to the Complainant for his medical bills. This offer of compensation was also made quite early and Counsel asked the Court to consider that it is a reflection of the Defendant’s genuine remorse and also his acceptance, entirely contrite, of the result of his actions. The Defendant has offered to pay half of the Complainant’s outstanding medical bills. ## Relevant Authorities The Court was referred to a number of local authorities involving excessive self-defence or defence of another which resulted in serious injuries. In each of these cases the court imposed suspended sentences. These authorities include R v Kenneth Green²; R v Carla Davis³; R v Erin Logan⁴ and R v Dilbert⁵. I have con of these. --- 2 IND 84 of 2013, unreported 28 January 2014; 3 IND 56 of 2013, unreported 21 March 2014; 4 IND 29 of 2016, unreported 21 October 2016; 5 2009 CILR, Note 2 191025 R v Dexter Kelvin Alonso Bodden IND 10 of 2018 – Sentence Judgment Page 8 of 10
The sentence imposed by this Court in *R v Lelieth Welcome-Campbell* was also referenced. However, that case is distinguishable from the instant case in a number of respects. It was not a case of self-defence but rather one of an unprovoked attack by a Defendant with numerous previous and relevant offences who had never been able to take advantage of previous community-based sentences and had committed the offence while on a suspended sentence. Each sentence must be determined on the facts of the individual case. I agree with Crown Counsel’s acknowledgment in his submissions that when one looks at these sentences the level of consistency to be gained from such an exercise is necessarily limited for that reason. ### Court’s conclusions The maximum sentence to be imposed is 2 ½ years imprisonment. In all the circumstances I believe that that maximum sentence is appropriate. I will accord the defendant the full discount for his guilty plea. The sentence is therefore reduced, taking the discount into account, to 20 months custody. In seeking to persuade this Court that a suspended sentence was the appropriate sentence in all the circumstances of this case, Counsel for the Defendant referred to Brooks J’s assessment that: “There is the scope for a reduction or a different sentence being imposed which would bring it below the sentence which would allow for a suspended sentence to be imposed...The gate is not closed.” The Defendant is a 61 years old man who has committed a serious offence and made a grave mistake. He allowed his anger and frustration to get the better of him. However, it is to his credit that as he stood over the Complainant he came to his senses and called for assistance to get the complainant needed medical attention. Were it not so, he could have been before this Court for an even more serious offence. Defence Counsel has described his client as a national treasure. This Court is not qualified to make that assessment but the Defendant appears to be a credit to this society judging by the references submitted on his behalf, to his integrity in his professional and generative and productive capacity. --- <sup>6</sup> IND 72 of 2019, unreported 9 October 2019 191025 *R v Dexter Kelvin Alonso Bodden* IND 10 of 2018 – Sentence Judgment Page 9 of 10
```html <table> <tr> <td>128.</td> <td>I take into account the injuries and ongoing medical issues of the Complainant. I balance this against the nature of this incident, one of excessive self-defence, the Defendant's genuine remorse, his offer of compensation and as I have noted above his general good character. In all the circumstances of this case I find that it is appropriate that a suspended sentence be imposed.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>29.</td> <td>The sentence of the Court is as follows: 20 months imprisonment suspended for two years. I also make a Suspended Sentence Supervision Order “SSSO” for 2 years from today’s date. The Defendant is to obey the instructions of the assigned Department of Community Rehabilitation Officer which will include completion of an Anger Management Programme as directed by the Officer.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>30.</td> <td>The Defendant will pay compensation to the Complainant in the sum of CI$7000.00，$1000.00 of which is to be paid today-25th October 2019. The balance of $6，000.00 to be paid at CI$300.00 per month for 20 months，payable on the last Friday of each month. In default of payment，the Defendant will serve a term of 6 months imprisonment.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Dated this 25th day of October，2019.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Madam Justice Marlene I. Carter Judge of the Grand Court (Acting)</td> </tr> </table>